Izolo, i-European Union yazisa ukuba umbhalo we-Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM, i-carbon tariff) bill iya kupapashwa ngokusemthethweni kwi-EU Official Journal.I-CBAM iya kuqala ukusebenza ngosuku emva kokupapashwa kweJenali esemthethweni ye-European Union, oko kukuthi, ngoMeyi 17!Oku kuthetha ukuba namhlanje, i-EU carbon tariff ihambe kuzo zonke iinkqubo kwaye yaqala ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni!
Yintoni irhafu yekhabhoni?Makhe ndikunike intshayelelo emfutshane!
I-CBAM yenye yeendawo eziphambili ze-EU's “Fit for 55″ isicwangciso sokunciphisa ukungcola.Isicwangciso sijolise ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yamazwe angamalungu e-EU ngama-55% ukusuka kumanqanaba e-1990 ngo-2030. ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi zamafutha, kunye nokuseka indlela yokulamla imida yekhabhoni, inani lilonke lamatyala amatsha ali-12.
Ukuba ishwankathelwa nje ngolwimi oludumileyo, oko kuthetha ukuba i-EU ihlawulisa iimveliso ezinokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ephezulu ephuma kumazwe esithathu ngokuhambelana nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yeemveliso ezithunyelwa ngaphandle.
Eyona njongo ngqo ye-EU ukuseka iirhafu zekhabhoni kukusombulula ingxaki "yokuvuza kwekhabhoni".Le yingxaki ejongene neenzame zomgaqo-nkqubo wemozulu we-EU.Kuthetha ukuba ngenxa yemithetho engqongqo yokusingqongileyo, iinkampani ze-EU ziye zatshintshela kwimimandla eneendleko eziphantsi zokuvelisa, okubangela ukuba kungabikho kuncipha kokukhutshwa kwekharbon diokside kwinqanaba lehlabathi.Irhafu yomda wekhabhoni ye-EU ijolise ekukhuseleni abavelisi ngaphakathi kwe-EU abaphantsi kolawulo olungqongqo lwekhabhoni, ukonyusa iindleko zerhafu zabavelisi ababuthathaka ngokwentelekiso njengeethagethi zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwangaphandle kunye namanyathelo olawulo, kunye nokuthintela amashishini ngaphakathi kwe-EU ukuba atshintshele kumazwe ane iindleko ezisezantsi zokukhutshwa, ukuphepha "ukuvuza kwekhabhoni".
Kwangaxeshanye, ukusebenzisana nomatshini we-CBAM, uhlaziyo lwenkqubo yorhwebo lwekhabhoni ye-European Union (EU-ETS) nayo iya kuqaliswa ngaxeshanye.Ngokwesicwangciso sohlaziyo oluyilwayo, izibonelelo zekhabhoni zasimahla ze-EU ziya kuhoxiswa ngokupheleleyo kwi-2032, kwaye ukuhoxiswa kwezibonelelo zasimahla kuya kwandisa ngakumbi iindleko zokukhutshwa kwabavelisi.
Ngokolwazi olukhoyo, i-CBAM iya kuqala ukufaka isamente, intsimbi, i-aluminium, isichumisi, umbane kunye ne-hydrogen.Inkqubo yokuvelisa ezi mveliso i-carbon-intensive kwaye ingozi yokuvuza kwekhabhoni iphezulu, kwaye iya kwanda ngokuthe ngcembe kwamanye amashishini kwinqanaba elilandelayo.I-CBAM iya kuqalisa ukusebenza kwesilingo ngo-Oktobha 1, 2023, kunye nexesha lokutshintsha kude kube sekupheleni kwe-2025. Irhafu iya kuqaliswa ngokusemthethweni ngoJanuwari 1, 2026. Abathengi bangaphandle baya kufuna ukuvakalisa inani lempahla engeniswe kwi-EU kunyaka odlulileyo. kunye neegesi zabo ezifihliweyo ze-greenhouse minyaka yonke, kwaye ke baya kuthenga inani elihambelanayo lezatifikethi ze-CBM.Ixabiso lezatifikethi liya kubalwa ngokusekelwe kumyinge wexabiso leefandesi zeveki ze-EU ETS izibonelelo, ezichazwe kwi-EUR/t CO2 ekhutshwayo.Ngethuba le-2026-2034, i-phase-out ye-quotas yamahhala phantsi kwe-EU ETS iya kwenzeka ngokuhambelana ne-CBM.
Lilonke, imirhumo yekhabhoni inciphisa kakhulu ukukhuphisana kwamashishini angaphandle kwaye luhlobo olutsha lomqobo worhwebo, oluya kuba neempembelelo ezininzi kwilizwe lam.
Okokuqala, ilizwe lam lelona qabane likhulu lezorhwebo le-EU kwaye lingowona mthombo mkhulu wokungeniswa kwemveliso evela kumazwe angaphandle, kunye nowona mthombo mkhulu wokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni evela kumazwe angaphandle e-EU.I-80% yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yeemveliso zelizwe lam eziphakathi ezithunyelwa kwi-EU zivela kwisinyithi, iikhemikhali, kunye nezimbiwa ezingezizo ezentsimbi, eziphantsi kwamacandelo asemngciphekweni wokuvuza okuphezulu kwimarike yekhabhoni ye-EU.Emva kokuba ifakwe kulawulo lomda wekhabhoni, iya kuba nefuthe elikhulu ekuthunyelweni ngaphandle;Mninzi umsebenzi wophando owenziweyo kwimpembelelo yawo.Kwimeko yedatha eyahlukeneyo kunye neengqikelelo (ezifana nokukhutshwa kweemveliso ezivela kumazwe angaphandle, amandla okukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, kunye nexabiso lekhabhoni yeemveliso ezinxulumeneyo), izigqibo ziya kwahluka kakhulu.Ngokuqhelekileyo kukholelwa ukuba i-5-7% ye-China yokuthunyelwa kwempahla eYurophu iya kuchaphazeleka, kwaye ukuthunyelwa kwecandelo le-CBAM eYurophu kuya kuhla nge-11-13%;iindleko zokuthumela kumazwe angaphandle eYurophu ziya kunyuka malunga ne-100-300 yezigidi zeedola zase-US ngonyaka, ezenza i-CBAM-ehlanganiswe neemveliso ezithunyelwa eYurophu 1.6-4.8%.
Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, sikwafuna ukubona impembelelo entle yomgaqo-nkqubo we-EU “womrhumo wekhabhoni” kushishino lwelizwe lam lokuthumela ngaphandle kunye nokwakhiwa kwemarike yekhabhoni.Ukuthatha ushishino lwentsimbi kunye nentsimbi njengomzekelo, kukho umsantsa we-1 toni phakathi kwenqanaba lokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yelizwe lam ngetoni nganye yentsimbi kunye ne-EU.Ukwenza lo msantsa wokukhupha, amashishini entsimbi kunye nentsimbi yelizwe lam kufuneka athenge izatifikethi ze-CBM.Ngokoqikelelo, indlela ye-CBAM iya kuba nefuthe elimalunga ne-16 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan kumthamo worhwebo lwentsimbi yelizwe lam, inyuse imirhumo malunga ne-2.6 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, inyuse iindleko ngeeyuan ezingama-650 ngetoni nganye yentsimbi, kunye nomthwalo werhafu omalunga ne-11%. .Oku ngokungathandabuzekiyo kuya kwandisa uxinzelelo lokuthengisa kumazwe angaphandle kumashishini entsimbi nentsimbi yelizwe lam kwaye akhuthaze inguqu yawo kuphuhliso lwekhabhoni ephantsi.
Kwelinye icala, ukwakhiwa kwemarike yekhabhoni yelizwe lam kusekutsha, kwaye sisajonga iindlela zokubonisa iindleko zokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngentengiso yekhabhoni.Inqanaba lexabiso lekhabhoni langoku alikwazi ukubonisa ngokupheleleyo inqanaba lexabiso lamashishini asekhaya, kwaye kusekho ezinye izinto ezingenaxabiso.Ngoko ke, kwinkqubo yokuqulunqa umgaqo-nkqubo we-"carbon tariff", ilizwe lam kufuneka liqinise unxibelelwano kunye ne-EU, kwaye liqwalasele ngokufanelekileyo ukubonakaliswa kwezi zinto zeendleko.Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba amashishini elizwe lam angamelana ngcono nemingeni ejongene “nemirhumo yekhabhoni”, kwaye kwangaxeshanye ikhuthaze uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lolwakhiwo lwemalike yekhabhoni yelizwe lam.
Ke ngoko, kwilizwe lethu, eli lithuba kunye nomngeni.Amashishini asekhaya kufuneka ajongane nemingcipheko, kwaye amashishini emveli kufuneka athembele "kuphuculo lomgangatho kunye nokunciphisa ikhabhoni" ukuphelisa iimpembelelo.Kwangaxeshanye, ishishini letekhnoloji elicocekileyo lelizwe lam linokungenisa “amathuba ohlaza”.I-CBAM kulindeleke ukuba ikhuthaze ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kumashishini amatsha anamandla afana ne-photovoltaics e-China, kuthathelwa ingqalelo izinto ezifana nokukhuthazwa kweYurophu yokwenziwa kwendawo yamashishini amatsha anamandla, anokuthi aqhube ukunyuka kwemfuno yeenkampani zaseTshayina ukuba zityale imali kwitekhnoloji yamandla acocekileyo. IYurophu.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-19-2023