Ukufakwa kwezixhobo ezinkulu zamandla elanga kwii-Swiss Alps kuya kwandisa kakhulu umbane owenziwe ebusika kunye nokukhawulezisa ukuguqulwa kwamandla.ICongress yavuma ekupheleni kwenyanga ephelileyo ukuba iqhubele phambili nesicwangciso ngendlela ephakathi, ishiya amaqela aphikisayo okusingqongileyo ekhathazekile.
Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ukufakela iiphaneli zelanga kufuphi nencopho yeeAlps zaseSwitzerland kunokuvelisa ubuncinane iiyure ezili-16 zeterawatt zombane ngonyaka.Esi sixa samandla silingana malunga ne-50% yokuveliswa kwamandla elanga ngonyaka ekujoliswe kuyo yi-Ofisi ye-Federal of Energy (BFE / OFEN) ngo-2050. Kwiindawo ezisezintabeni zamanye amazwe, i-China inezityalo ezininzi zombane zelanga, kunye nezincinci. Ufakelo lwe-scale lwakhiwe eFransi nase-Austria, kodwa ngoku kukho ukufakela okukhulu kwi-Swiss Alps.
Iiphaneli zelanga zihlala zincanyathiselwe kwiziseko ezikhoyo ezinje ngezindlu zeentaba, ii-ski lifts, kunye namadama.Umzekelo, eMuttsee kumbindi Switzerland kwezinye iziza(2500 yeemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle) photovoltaic amandla okuvelisa izixhobo zolu hlobo.ISwitzerland ngoku ivelisa malunga ne-6% yombane wayo uwonke kumandla elanga.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokukhathazeka malunga nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokunqongophala kwamandla ebusika, ilizwe linyanzeliswa ukuba liphinde licinge kwakhona.Le ekwindla, iipalamente ezimbalwa ziholele "i-Solar Offensive", ebiza ukuphunyezwa okulula kunye nokukhawuleza kwenkqubo yokwakhiwa kwezityalo zamandla elanga kwii-Alps zaseSwitzerland.
Ngokunxuseneyo, izindululo ezibini ezitsha zangeniswa ukwakhiwa kwezityalo zamandla elanga kumadlelo kumazantsi e-Swiss canton of Valais.Enye yiprojekthi kwilali yaseGond kufutshane neSimplon Pass ebizwa ngokuba yi “Gondosolar”. kwezinye iziza, kwaye enye, emantla eGlengiols, ngeprojekthi enkulu ecetyiweyo.
I-42 yezigidi zeefrancs (i-60 yezigidi zeedola) iprojekthi ye-Gondsolar iya kufaka ilanga kwiihektare ezili-10 (i-100,000 square metres) yomhlaba wabucala entabeni kufuphi nomda waseSwitzerland-Italian.Isicwangciso kukufaka iiphaneli ze-4,500.Umnini-mhlaba kunye nomcebisi weprojekthi u-Renat Jordan uqikelela ukuba umzi-mveliso uza kukwazi ukuvelisa iiyure ezingama-23.3 zezigidi zeekhilowatt zombane ngonyaka, ngokwaneleyo ukunika amandla ubuncinci amakhaya angama-5,200 kulo mmandla.
Umasipala waseGond-Zwischbergen kunye nenkampani yombane iAlpiq nabo bayayixhasa le projekthi.Noko ke, kwangaxeshanye kukho nempikiswano eshushu.Ngo-Agasti walo nyaka, iqela labaphembeleli bemekobume lenze umboniso omncinci kodwa odlamkileyo kwithafa elikumphakamo weemitha ezingama-2,000 apho isityalo siza kwakhiwa khona.
UMaren Köln, oyintloko yeqela laseSwitzerland lemekobume iMountain Wilderness, wathi: “Ndivumelana ngokupheleleyo namandla ombane welanga anokubakho, kodwa ndicinga ukuba kubalulekile ukuqwalasela izakhiwo esele zikho neziseko ezingundoqo (apho kunokufakwa khona iipaneli zelanga).Ziseninzi kakhulu, kwaye andiboni mfuneko yokuba ndichukumise umhlaba ongaphuhliswanga phambi kokuba udinwe,” uxelele i-swissinfo.ch.
ISebe lezaMandla liqikelela ukuba ukufakela iiphaneli zesola kuphahla nodonga lwangaphandle lwezakhiwo ezikhoyo kunokuvelisa iiyure ezingama-67 zombane ngonyaka.Oku kungaphezulu kakhulu kweeyure ze-terawatt ze-34 zamandla elanga abasemagunyeni bajolise kuwo ngo-2050 (iiyure ezi-2.8 ze-terawatt ngo-2021).
Izityalo zelanga zeAlpine zineengenelo ezininzi, iingcali zithi, hayi kancinci kuba zisebenza kakhulu ebusika xa izixhobo zombane zihlala zinqongophele.
"Kwi-Alps, ilanga lininzi kakhulu, ngakumbi ebusika, kwaye amandla elanga anokuveliswa ngaphezu kwamafu," uChristian Schaffner, intloko yeZiko leSayensi zaMandla kwi-Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), uxelele i-Swiss Public. Umabonakude (SRF).watsho.
Ukwaveze ukuba iiphaneli zelanga zezona zisebenza kakuhle xa zisetyenziswa ngaphezulu kweeAlps, apho amaqondo obushushu apholileyo, kwaye iiphaneli zelanga ze-bifacial zingafakwa ngokuthe nkqo ukuqokelela ukukhanya okubonakalayo kwikhephu kunye nomkhenkce.
Nangona kunjalo, kusekho izinto ezininzi ezingaziwayo malunga nesixhobo sombane welanga seAlps, ngakumbi malunga neendleko, izibonelelo zoqoqosho, kunye neendawo ezifanelekileyo zokufakelwa.
Ngo-Agasti walo nyaka, iqela labaphembeleli bemekobume lenze umboniso kwindawo yokwakha ecetywayo kwiimitha ezingama-2,000 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle © Keystone / Gabriel Monnet
Abaxhasi baqikelela ukuba umzi-mveliso wombane welanga ophuhliswe yiprojekthi yeGond Solar uya kukwazi ukuvelisa umbane ophindwe kabini kwi-square meter njengoncedo olufanayo kwiindawo ezisezantsi.
Ayizi kwakhiwa kwiindawo ezikhuselweyo okanye kwiindawo ezinomngcipheko omkhulu weentlekele zendalo ezifana nee-avalanches.Bakwabanga ukuba ezi ndawo azibonakali kwiilali ezikufutshane.Kufakwe isicelo sokubandakanya iprojekthi yeGondola kwisicwangciso sikarhulumente, esisaqwalaselwa ngoku.Nokuba iyamkelwa, ayizukwazi ukumelana nokunqongophala kombane okusoyikwayo kobu busika, njengoko imiselwe ukugqitywa ngo-2025.
Iprojekthi yelali yaseGlengiols, kwelinye icala, inkulu kakhulu.Inkxaso-mali yi-750 yezigidi zeefranc.Esi sicwangciso sesokwakha iziko lombane welanga elilingana namabala ebhola ekhatywayo angama-700 kumhlaba okwiimitha ezingama-2,000 kufutshane nelali.
I-senator ye-Valais u-Beat Rieder uxelele i-Tages yemihla ngemihla ethetha isiJamani i-Tages Anzeiger ukuba iprojekthi yelanga ye-Grenghiols isebenza ngokukhawuleza kwaye iya kongeza i-1 terawatt-yure yombane (kwimveliso yangoku).watsho.Ngokwethiyori, oku kunokuhlangabezana nemfuno yamandla yesixeko esinabahlali abangama-100,000 ukuya kuma-200,000.
I-Brutal Nature Park, apho indawo enkulu ngolo hlobo “iyindawo yendalo yendalo ebaluleke kakhulu kuzwelonke” kwezinye iisayithi izazi zendalo esingqongileyo ziya ziba nexhala lokufakwa.
Iprojekthi kwidolophana yaseGringhiols eCanton Valais iceba ukwakha isityalo sombane welanga ubukhulu bamabala ebhola ekhatywayo angama-700.SRF
Kodwa usodolophu waseGrenghiols uArmin Zeiter uwachithile amabango okuba iipaneli zelanga ziyawonakalisa umhlaba, exelela iSRF ukuba "amandla ahlaziyekayo akhona ukukhusela indalo."Amagunya asekuhlaleni amkele le projekthi ngoJuni kwaye angathanda ukuyiqala ngokukhawuleza, kodwa isicwangciso asikangeniswa, kwaye kukho iingxaki ezininzi ezifana nokwanela kwendawo yokufakela kunye nendlela yokudibanisa kwigridi.ihlala ingasonjululwanga.I-Wochenzeitung yolwimi lwesiJamani ngeveki yabika kwinqaku lakutshanje malunga nokuchaswa kwendawo kwiprojekthi.kwezinye iindawo.
Ezi projekthi zimbini zelanga ziye zacotha ukuqhubela phambili njengoko isixeko esikhulu saseBern sitshisa kwimiba ecinezelayo efana nokutshintsha kwemozulu, ukunikezelwa kombane kwixesha elizayo, ukuthembela kwigesi yaseRashiya, kunye nendlela yokuphila kobu busika.intsimi yerayisi.
Ipalamente yaseSwitzerland ivume i-CHF3.2 yeebhiliyoni kumanyathelo okutshintsha kwemozulu ngoSeptemba ukuhlangabezana nokujoliswa kwexesha elide lokunciphisa i-CO2 kwezinye iisayithi.Inxalenye yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali iya kusetyenziselwa ukhuseleko lwamandla lwangoku olusongelwa luhlaselo lwaseRussia lwaseUkraine.
Yiyiphi impembelelo eya kuba nayo izohlwayo ngokuchasene neRashiya kumgaqo-nkqubo wamandla waseSwitzerland?
Lo mxholo upapashwe ngo-2022/03/252022/03/25 Ukuhlasela kweRashiya e-Ukraine kuye kwaphazamisa ukunikezelwa kwamandla, okunyanzela amazwe amaninzi ukuba ahlolisise imigaqo-nkqubo yawo yamandla.ISwitzerland iphinda iphonononge unikezelo lwerhasi yayo ilindele ubusika obuzayo.
Baphinde bavuma ukuba iithagethi ezininzi ezinqwenelekayo ziyafuneka ukuze kuphindwe kabini imveliso yamandla ahlaziyekayo ngo-2035 kunye nokwandisa ukuveliswa kwamandla elanga kwimimandla ephantsi kunye neentaba eziphakamileyo.
U-Rieder kunye neqela le-senator baye banyanzelisa imithetho elula ukukhawulezisa ukwakhiwa kwezityalo ezinkulu zelanga kwi-Swiss Alps.Iingcali zokusingqongileyo zothuswa yiminxeba yokuba kuhlolwe impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokutsiba iinkcukacha zokwakha iziko lombane welanga.
Ekugqibeleni, i-Bundestag yavuma ifom emodareyitha ngakumbi ngokuhambelana noMgaqo-siseko waseSwitzerland.Isityalo samandla elanga se-Alps esinemveliso yonyaka ngaphezu kweeyure ze-gigawatt ze-10 siya kufumana inkxaso yemali evela kurhulumente wesigqeba (ukuya kwi-60% yeendleko zotyalo-mali lwenkunzi), kwaye inkqubo yokucwangcisa iya kwenziwa lula.
Kodwa iCongress iphinde yagqiba kwelokuba ukwakhiwa kwezityalo ezinkulu zelanga kuya kuba linyathelo likaxakeka, ngokuqhelekileyo kuya kuthintelwa kwiindawo ezikhuselweyo, kwaye ziya kudilizwa xa zifikelela esiphelweni sobomi bazo..Kwakhona kwenze ukuba kunyanzeliswe zonke izakhiwo ezitsha ezakhiwe eSwitzerland ukuba zibe neepaneli zelanga ukuba indawo ephezulu idlula i-300 square metres.
Ukuphendula kwesi sigqibo, i-Mountain Wilderness ithe, "Sixolile kuba sikwazile ukunqanda uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso yeeAlps ukuba lungadlulanga ngokupheleleyo."Uthe akonelisekanga sisigqibo sokukhulula izakhiwo ezincinci kuxanduva lokufaka iipaneli zelanga.Oku kungenxa yokuba imeko ibonwa njenge "thumbed" ekukhuthazeni amandla elanga ngaphandle kweeAlps.
Iqela lolondolozo lwe-Franz Weber Foundation libize isigqibo sepalamente yomanyano lokuxhasa izityalo ezinkulu zelanga kwiiAlps “azinaxanduva” kwaye lacela uhlolo-zimvo oluchasene nomthetho .kwezinye iisayithi.
UNatalie Lutz, isithethi seqela lolondolozo lwendalo iPro Natura, uthe ngelixa ebulela ukurhoxiswa kweCongress "kweyona migaqo imbi kakhulu echasene nomgaqo-siseko", efana nokususwa kwezifundo zempembelelo yendalo esingqongileyo, ukholelwa ukuba "iiprojekthi zamandla elanga zisaqhutywa ikakhulu ngeendleko indalo kwimimandla yeentaba,” uxelele i-swissinfo.ch.
Ishishini lasabela ngokukhawuleza kwesi sigqibo, lisiya kwizindululo zeprojekthi ezininzi.Emva kokuba ipalamente yomdibaniso ivotele ukuphungula inkqubo yolwakhiwo lwezixhobo zamandla elanga zeAlps, iinkampani zamandla ezisixhenxe zaseSwitzerland ziye zaqala ukuyiqwalasela.
Iphephandaba laseJamani elithetha ngeCawa iNZZ am Sonntag yathi ngoMvulo ukuba iqela elinomdla iSolalpine ifuna imimandla ye-10 yeentaba eziphakamileyo njengeendawo ezinokubakho kwizityalo zamandla elanga kwaye ziya kuxoxa ngazo noorhulumente basekhaya, abahlali kunye nabachaphazelekayo.kuxelwe ukuqala ezinye iisayithi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-27-2022