I-PV edibeneyo yokwakha ichazwe njengendawo apho iimveliso ze-PV ezingakhuphisaniyo zizama ukufikelela kwimarike.Kodwa loo nto ayinakulunga, utshilo uBjörn Rau, umphathi wobuchwephesha kunye nosekela mlawuli wePVcomB.
UHelmholtz-Zentrum eBerlin, okholelwa ukuba ikhonkco elilahlekileyo ekuhanjisweni kwe-BIPV ilele ekudibaneni koluntu lokwakha, ishishini lokwakha, kunye nabavelisi be-PV.
Ukusuka kwimagazini yePV
Ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwe-PV kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo kuye kwafikelela kwimarike yehlabathi malunga ne-100 GWp efakwe ngonyaka, oku kuthetha ukuba malunga ne-350 ukuya kwi-400 yezigidi zeemodyuli zelanga ziveliswa kwaye zithengiswa ngonyaka.Nangona kunjalo, ukudibanisa kwizakhiwo kuseyimarike ye-niche.Ngokutsho kwengxelo yakutshanje evela kwiprojekthi yophando ye-EU Horizon 2020 ye-PVSITES, kuphela malunga neepesenti ze-2 ze-PV ezifakwe kwi-PV zifakwe kwizikhumba zokwakha kwi-2016. Lo mfanekiso omncinci uyamangalisa xa ucinga ukuba ngaphezu kweepesenti ze-70 zamandla zisetyenziswa.Yonke i-CO2 eveliswa kwihlabathi jikelele ityiwa ezidolophini, kwaye malunga nama-40 ukuya kuma-50 epesenti yazo zonke izinto ezikhutshwayo zegesi yegreenhouse zivela kwimimandla yasezidolophini.
Ukujongana nalo mngeni wegesi yegreenhouse kunye nokukhuthaza ukwenziwa kombane kwisiza, iPalamente yaseYurophu kunye neBhunga lazisa i2010 Directive 2010/31 / EU malunga nokusebenza kwamandla kwizakhiwo, eziqanjwe njenge "Near Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB)".Lo myalelo usebenza kuzo zonke izakhiwo ezitsha eziza kwakhiwa emva kowama-2021. Kwizakhiwo ezitsha eziza kuhlala amaziko oluntu, lo myalelo uqale ukusebenza ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka.
Akukho milinganiselo ichaziweyo ukuphumeza ubume be-NZEB.Abanini bezakhiwo banokuqwalasela imiba yokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla njengokugquma, ukubuyiswa kobushushu, kunye neengqiqo zokonga amandla.Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ulungelelwaniso lwamandla lulonke lwesakhiwo luyinjongo yolawulo, ukuveliswa kwamandla ombane asebenzayo ngaphakathi okanye kufutshane nesakhiwo kubalulekile ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho ye-NZEB.
Okunokwenzeka kunye nemingeni
Akukho mathandabuzo okuba ukuphunyezwa kwePV kuya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kuyilo lwezakhiwo ezizayo okanye ukulungiswa ngokutsha kweziseko zophuhliso ezikhoyo.umgangatho we-NZEB uya kuba sisixhobo sokuqhuba ekufezekiseni le njongo, kodwa hayi wedwa.Isakhiwo se-Photovoltaics esiHlangeneyo (i-BIPV) singasetyenziselwa ukuvula iindawo ezikhoyo okanye iindawo ezingaphezulu ukuvelisa umbane.Ngaloo ndlela, akukho ndawo yongezelelekileyo efunekayo ukuzisa iPV eninzi kwimimandla yasezidolophini.Amandla ombane ococekileyo oveliswa yiPV ehlanganisiweyo mkhulu kakhulu.Njengoko i-Becquerel Institute ifunyenwe ngo-2016, isabelo esinokubakho sokuveliswa kwe-BIPV kwimfuno yombane iyonke ingaphezulu kwama-30 epesenti eJamani nakumazwe amaninzi asemazantsi (umz. i-Italy) nakwi-40 yepesenti.
Kodwa kutheni izisombululo ze-BIPV zisadlala kuphela indima esecaleni kwishishini lelanga?Kutheni kunqabile ukuba ziqwalaselwe kumsebenzi wokwakha ukuza kuthi ga ngoku?
Ukuphendula le mibuzo, i-German Helmholtz-Zentrum Research Centre Berlin (HZB) yenza uhlalutyo lweemfuno kunyaka odlulileyo ngokuququzelela i-workshop kunye nokunxibelelana nabachaphazelekayo kuzo zonke iindawo ze-BIPV.Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba akukho ntsilelo yetekhnoloji nganye.
Kwi-workshop ye-HZB, abantu abaninzi abavela kwishishini lokwakha, abenza iiprojekthi ezintsha zokwakha okanye zokuvuselela, bavuma ukuba kukho izikhewu zolwazi malunga nokubanakho kwe-BIPV kunye nobuchwepheshe obuxhasayo.Uninzi lwabayili bezakhiwo, abacwangcisi, kunye nabanini bezakhiwo abanalo ulwazi olwaneleyo lokudibanisa iteknoloji yePV kwiiprojekthi zabo.Ngenxa yoko, kukho ugcino oluninzi malunga ne-BIPV, njengoyilo olunomtsalane, ixabiso eliphezulu, kunye nobunzima obungavumelekanga.Ukoyisa ezi ngcamango zigwenxa, iimfuno zabayili bezakhiwo kunye nabanini bezakhiwo kufuneka zibe phambili, kunye nokuqonda ukuba aba bachaphazelekayo bajonga njani i-BIPV kufuneka ibe yeyona nto iphambili.
Ukutshintsha Kwengqondo
I-BIPV yohluke ngeendlela ezininzi kwiinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zelanga eziphezu kophahla, ezingafuni kuguquguquka nokuqwalaselwa kwemiba yobuhle.Ukuba iimveliso ziphuhliswa ukudibanisa kwizinto zokwakha, abavelisi kufuneka baphinde baqwalasele.Abayili bezakhiwo, abakhi, kunye nabahlali bezakhiwo ekuqaleni balindele ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwesikhumba sokwakha.Ngokombono wabo, ukuveliswa kwamandla yipropati eyongezelelweyo.Ukongeza koku, abaphuhlisi bezinto ezininzi ze-BIPV kufuneka bathathele ingqalelo le miba ilandelayo.
-Ukuqulunqa izisombululo ezenzelwe iindleko ezifanelekileyo zezixhobo zokwakha ezisebenza ngelanga ezinobungakanani obuguquguqukayo, imilo, umbala kunye nokungafihli.
- Ukuphuhliswa kwemigangatho kunye namaxabiso anomtsalane (ngokufanelekileyo kwizixhobo zokucwangcisa ezisekiweyo, ezifana neModeli yoLwazi lweZakhiwo (BIM).
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ze-photovoltaic kwizinto ezinoveli ze-façade ngokudibanisa izinto zokwakha kunye nezinto ezivelisa amandla.
- Ukomelela okuphezulu ngokuchasene nezithunzi zexeshana (zasekhaya).
- Uzinzo lwexesha elide kunye nokuthotywa kozinzo lwexesha elide kunye nokuphuma kwamandla, kunye nokuzinza kwexesha elide kunye nokuthotywa kwembonakalo (umz. ukuzinza kombala).
- Ukuphuhliswa kweengcamango zokubeka iliso kunye nokugcinwa ukulungelelaniswa neemeko ezithile zesayithi (ukuqwalasela ubude bofakelo, ukutshintshwa kweemodyuli eziphosakeleyo okanye izinto ze-façade).
- kunye nokuthotyelwa kweemfuno zomthetho ezifana nokhuseleko (kubandakanya ukukhuselwa komlilo), iikhowudi zokwakha, iikhowudi zamandla, njl.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-09-2022